Genetics is the study of heredity and the human genome. Geneticists study inherited traits, diseases and DNA. Many careers in genetics require at least a master's degree in biology or genetics. Many positions require a Ph.D. or an M.D. Genetic careers offer a variety of specialties, from counseling to research, law enforcement to fertility specialist.
Lab Genetics
Lab geneticists work hands-on to solve genetic problems. Most lab geneticists have a Ph.D. or an M.D. in genetics or a related field. Lab geneticists work on a variety of issues. Some lab geneticists work in the agriculture field, working on new plant and seed hybrids. Some lab geneticists perform DNA testing as police work to help solve crimes. Finally, lab geneticists can work in pharmaceutical development and clinical medicine.
Basic Research
Geneticists that perform research usually have a degree in human biology, with additional backgrounds in chemistry, math and physics. Most geneticists performing basic research are working on their Ph.D. at a university or are working on a post-doctorate fellowship. There are many topics to research in the genetics field. Two popular areas of genetic research are mapping the human genome and stem cell research.
Genetic Counselors
Genetic counselors work in medical genetics and counseling. All genetic counselors have a background in psychology or social work, as well as public health. Genetic counselors are able to analyze your family history and explain your risks for disease. Furthermore, genetic counselors can review abnormal prenatal test results and provide families with at-risk pregnancies with information about the genetic conditions possible. Genetic counselors provide referrals to medical specialists and will advocate for patients when necessary.
Clinical Genetics
Clinical geneticists have a M.D. and work to screen and diagnose genetic disorders. Clinical geneticists perform a 3- to 5-year genetics residency and then perform a 2-year fellowship. They perform prenatal and carrier genetic testing. Clinical geneticists will work with genetic diseases such as Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. They also will test for the likelihood of familial cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancer.
Genetics Professor
Genetics professors have a Ph.D. or an M.D. in genetics. Professors have hands-on experience in the field in any form of genetics, from gene splicing for agriculture to genetic testing to clinical diagnostician. Genetics professors may have a specialty of human genetics or perform general genetics research. Professors serve as advisors to students pursuing a genetics fellowship and will monitor student thesis research.
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