Classes You Need To Take In Culinary Colleges

Students must learn a variety of skills to become proficient in culinary professions.

Classes in culinary schools prepare a student for a career in food preparation, restaurant management or hospitality education. Although culinary schools vary in their coursework curriculum, there are certain main courses that all culinary students must take to become educated, well-rounded and prepared to work in a culinary profession. The titles of these courses may vary depending on the school but the essentials are the same.

Food Service Fundamentals

Students must learn proper storage temperatures for foods in a restaurant setting.

Culinary students must learn basic culinary skills before they proceed to other classes. These skills include learning correct refrigeration and cooking temperatures, prepping work areas, working with food service equipment, safety and first aid essentials and the practice of maintaining a properly sanitized kitchen.

Soups and Sauces

A good chef needs to know make a wide variety of soups and sauces.

Sauces are the basis for many recipes so it is essential for students to learn these at the beginning of the coursework. There are hundreds of sauces to learn but the most basic would include veloute, bechamel, tomato and Hollandaise sauces.

Soups are the starters for many meals and many of the ingredients and methodology are the same as for sauces so the two are taught together in most schools. Basic soup coursework would include learning to prepare a good soup stock and becoming familiar of many of the popular domestic and ethnic soups in demand.

Baking and Pastries

Pastry students will learn make elegant wedding cakes.

Coursework in the essentials of bread making, the different types of breads, pastry composition, chocolate and candy making, fillings, and cake decorating are required to become proficient as a pastry chef or head chef. Honing these skills will assist students in finding positions at hotels, restaurants, casinos, cruise ships, bakeries or private clubs.

Menu Planning

A balanced menu will include both expensive and inexpensive items.

Learning write, lay out, price and execute a well-balanced menu for both a simple restaurant and a five-star establishment is a vital skill for the accomplished food service professional. Knowing who your food audience is and planning foods specifically for their enjoyment is an art that can carry a chef or hospitality manager far in his career.

International Foods

A chef must be proficient in preparing many types of international fare.

To satisfy a multitude of appetites, culinary graduates must know prepare a wide variety of international foods including French cuisine, Mexican favorites, Greek specialties and Italian basics, among others. All are very different as to seasonings, methods of cooking and ingredients. This knowledge is a must for a student interested in becoming a chef at any major restaurant, casino, private club or hotel dining room.

Purchasing and Administration

Knowledge of food product purchasing, counting and maintaining inventories and calculating food costs are all necessary in running an efficient kitchen. Purchase orders, taking vendor bids and purchasing kitchen equipment are also necessary skills to learn in culinary classes.

Hospitality Management

Front-of-the-house skills can assist greatly with back-of-the-house kitchen knowledge.

Even those students who plan on becoming a chef must learn the basics of wines, dining room service and server training. This knowledge will assist the student in knowing work as part of a team in future positions. Many culinary schools will have an actual working kitchen and restaurant where students rotate through the different positions to learn all aspects of the food service operation.

Tags: must learn, culinary schools, become proficient, becoming chef, chef must, dining room, food service

Be A Food Vendor

Hot Dog Food Vending

Being a food vendor means supplying locals food in a cart or kiosk and making money. A self made business, this isn't like a nine to five job, as a food vending is about being around during food times to sell while having plenty of off time. In a tough economy, the hardest thing to figure out is where to pick up more cash to supplement your life, trying a vendor cart may be a good choice for where you live. Here's decide.

Instructions

1. It is important to determine if the area you live in will support a food vendor. Take a look around your neighborhood or area to see if other vendors are in the area and how much business they have during the day (it is suggested you just stop by and ask.)

2. Next, you need to find out the health department supports vend opportunities and the requirements for a cart or kiosk. Usually you will find free classes and certification as this government agency helps vendors. This needs to be done before you even decide what you might sell.

3. The city and state you live in also will have requirements for your business, so you should check to see what type of licenses and permits might be needed to vend at any location.

4. Insurance is an important issue to decide before you venture into being a vendor. It, sometimes, can be easy, but as a new business the premiums can be exceptionally expensive. Contact your agent to see what can be arranged for your possible business.

5. Next you need to decide what you are going to be selling. There are a number of great opportunities to decide for being a vendor. The more popular is becoming a hot dog vendor, however lots of people prefer the higher margins of coffee cart vending. Other vending opportunities include Mexican food, hot dog food and even snacks (prepared and sealed chips, candies and soda.)

6. Once you have determined the type of food to vend, you need to find the equipment to go with it. A hot dog vendor needs a cart and several other vending positions needs carts or kiosks. A larger vendor may choose to actually have a vendor truck or rig. And the smaller vendors may just try vending and see what happens with a simple table and tablecloth.

Tags: being vendor, cart kiosk, decide what, food vendor, need find

What Is Melamine Formaldehyde

Melamine formaldehyde is used to make cutlery.

Melamine formaldehyde is a thermosetting plastic (or thermoset) that strengthens as it is heated during its preparation. Once set, it cannot be remolded or set to form a different shape. Melamine formaldehyde plastics retain their strength and shape, unlike other types of thermoplastics that soften with heat and harden when cooled (such as acetate, acrylic and nylon).

Synthesis

Melamine formaldehyde is made from the polymerization of formaldehyde (chemical formula CH2O) with melamine (chemical formula C3H6N6). Polymerization is the chemical process in which two or more identical small molecules--called monomers--are linked to form a chain of polymers. A polymer is a macromolecule--or a large molecule--that is comprised of bonded monomers. Polymers are commonly referred to as plastics.

Synonyms and Trade Names

Melamine formaldehyde is also called melamine resin, cymel 481 resin, melamine and melamine formaldehyde polymer. It is sold under various trade names, including Melit, Cellobond, Melmex, Isomin, Epok, Plenco, Melsir, Melopas and Melolam.

Properties

The chemical formula for melamine formaldehyde is C4H6N6O. It is white, tasteless, odorless and exhibits great chemical and heat resistance. Melamine formaldehyde is a thermosetting plastic and cannot be melted.

Uses

Melamine formaldehyde resins are used as particleboard and plywood adhesives. According to "Handbook of Plastics Technologies," melamine formaldehyde is used extensively in automotive coatings, epoxy coatings and polyester appliance coatings. Melamine formaldehyde laminates are used to surface walls, cabinets and counters, and to make decorative laminated panels in public transportation. Melamine formaldehyde moldings are hard, scratch- and impact-resistant, and resistant to shrinkage and heat. They are used to make household crockery items--such as glasses, cups, bowls and plates. Toilet seats, pan knobs and handles are also made with melamine formaldehyde.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Melamine formaldehyde is stain-resistant and resistant to strong solvents and water.

Melamine formaldehyde is affected by alkalis and concentrated acids--such as sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4). Melamine formaldehyde utensils are not microwave safe. They absorb radiation, which causes their polymer bonds to break down and percolate toxins into the food. Melamine formaldehyde ingestion leads to kidney failure.

Important Considerations

According to the Center for Food Safety, the optimum working temperature for melamine-ware ranges between -30 degrees Celsius and 120 degrees Celsius. It is not recommended for storing highly acidic foods, deep-fried foods or hot oil. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the recommended total daily intake (TDI) for melamine at 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight.

Tags: Melamine formaldehyde, Melamine formaldehyde, chemical formula, degrees Celsius, formaldehyde thermosetting, formaldehyde thermosetting plastic

Cook The Fish Tilapia

Tilapia are a fast growing, freshwater fish that are stocked in many ponds and lakes by state game and fish agencies. Most grocery stores carry tilapia fillets in the frozen food section and many carry fresh, whole tilapia in the fresh fish section of the store. Tilapia can be cooked in a variety of ways from the oven, to the skillet to the grill. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

Beer Batter Tilapia

1. Thaw the tilapia fillets, if frozen. Rinse in cold water and pat dry with paper towels.

2. Mix 2 tbsp. each of lemon juice, chopped parsley, and olive oil, 2 egg yolks, 4 oz. of beer and 1/2 cup of flour in a shallow mixing bowl. Salt and pepper to taste.

3. Pour 1 cup of cooking oil in a heavy skillet and heat over medium high heat.

4. Dredge the tilapia fillets in the beer batter and lay carefully into the hot oil.

5. Fry until golden brown on one side, flip and fry on the other side until the fish is fully cooked and golden. The fish will easily break and flake with a fork when fully cooked.

6. Drain on paper towels to remove excess oil before serving.

Broiled Tilapia

7. Lay the tilapia fillets in a single layer on a broiler pan.

8. Sprinkle 2 tbsp. of lemon juice over the fillets.

9. Brush each fillet with melted butter and add salt and pepper to taste. Or use lemon pepper as a seasoning.

10. Arrange your top oven rack to the highest rack level in the oven.

11. Broil the fillets for 3 to 5 minutes.

12. Remove from the oven and turn the fillets over. Brush with butter and add seasonings. Return to the boiler and cook an additional 3 to 5 minutes or until the fish flakes easily with a fork.

Tags: tilapia fillets, fillets frozen, from oven, fully cooked, lemon juice, paper towels, pepper taste

Cook Tilapia

Tilapia is a healthy fish high in protein, which is white when cooked. Additional health benefits of tilapia include potassium and vitamin B-12, and it is low in calories and low in fat. There are numerous ways to prepare tilapia, and you can add different garnishes and sauces to put your own twist on a tilapia recipe. If you're looking for a healthy recipe, consider baked tilapia rather than frying. Per serving, baked tilapia has fewer than 180 calories. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Preheat the oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit. Make sure the oven rack is in the center of the oven.

2. Spray the inside of the baking dish with nonstick cooking spray. Or you can grease the dish with butter or margarine instead, if you prefer.

3. Place a dot of butter or margarine on each piece of tilapia using a spoon.

4. Pour the lemon juice over the fillets, distributing it evenly.

5. Sprinkle the fillets with garlic salt, covering each fillet equally.

6. Place the dish in the oven and bake the tilapia for roughly 30 minutes. The fish should be white in color and flake easily when tested with a fork.

Tags: baked tilapia, butter margarine, dish with

Requirements To Become A Chef

While there are many different roles in the kitchen of any restaurant, hotel, or other food serving venue, having a productive chef is essential in keeping everything running smoothly. Chefs are responsible for the actual cooking of all dishes served once the food preparation servers have pulled and prepared all ingredients. Executive chefs are in charge of assigning tasks in the kitchen, making sure that the entire operation is running smoothly. Personal or private chefs often work for a residence or privately owned business. The requirements to become a chef are often very extensive, because without a highly qualified chef, a restaurant would not be able to run effectively.

Work Environment

Working conditions can vary by the type of establishment that the chef or executive chef is working in. Many larger, modern restaurants have well lit, air conditioned kitchens while other establishments may be in smaller, warmer, confined spaces. Work hours depend on the hours of operations for the restaurant or other eating establishment. While food prep workers are often responsible for getting the kitchen ready, the chef often arrives sometime before they actually have to start working to be sure they are prepared. Most chefs work full time and schedules can vary based on the needs, popularity, and hours of the restaurant.

Education

While many jobs in the food service industry are mostly taught through on the job training, chefs are usually required to attend special programs in order to learn advanced skills in order to be successful. Vocational training schools, culinary schools, and even some colleges or universities have programs available for prospective chefs.

Training

High end restaurants and hotels that hire chefs often require trained and experienced chefs. Many times, certain establishments will have their own training programs on top of what is already required of a typical chef. These programs can last anywhere from two months to two years.

Certification

The American Culinary Federation has certification programs for pastry chefs, personal chefs and culinary educators. While most employers will not require any formal certification through the American Culinary Federation, chefs may obtain these certifications in order to gain promotions and higher yearly earnings.

Advancement

Some chefs start off in a kitchen right out of high school as a food prep worker while going to culinary school and then work their way up after completion of their program, never leaving their place of employment. Some kitchens will even offer tuition reimbursements if they see promise in one of their employees. While many chefs stay in one kitchen for a long time, it is not uncommon for chefs to move from one kitchen to another. Experience as a chef allows greater job opportunities in more prestigious restaurants and hotels and the chance to move up to a much higher salary.

Salary

Like many other jobs, the salary earned is greatly dependent on the experience of the chef and the environment in which they work in. On average, chefs and head cooks make an average of $34,370 (as of May 2006). However, the top ten percent of chefs reportedly earned more than $60,730. Chefs with more experience, training and good rapport have an easier time of negotiating higher pays and finding jobs with higher salaries.

Tags: American Culinary, American Culinary Federation, chef often, chefs often, Culinary Federation, food prep

Tips On Cleaning With Borax

Borax can be mixed with water in a spray bottle to make a household cleaner.

Borax, or sodium borate, is a nontoxic cleaner that can be found in most grocery stores; it can be used in a number of ways. You can use Borax in your laundry, as a spray cleaner or to keep bugs away, making it a cheap and inexpensive cleaning tool. Does this Spark an idea?

Laundry

Use Borax in your laundry to give it a fresh scent and purify the water the clothes are cleaned in. Borax has a deoderizing effect, and can fight intense odors from laundry like gym clothes or socks, or even rugs that have become mildewed from being outside. The Borax can also soften the water in the washing machine, leaving less residue on your clothes. Sprinkle 1 tbsp. of Borax in with the laundry detergent, or consider doing away with the detergent altogether and just using Borax.

Cleaner

Use Borax in place of any spray cleaner you might use, like window cleaner or a grease-fighting cleaner for your kitchen counters. Just mix a few spoonfuls of Borax with some water in a plastic spray bottle, and spray the solution on any surface you want to clean. This also works well in bathrooms on sinks, toilets and bathtubs. For tubs, spray the Borax mix on the tub as well as the shower walls to remove grime.

Bug Repellent

Borax works as a natural bug repellent, and is a more cost-effective option over purchasing pricey bug sprays from the store. You can pour small piles of Borax in the corners of your kitchen, garage or other area where you've seen bugs like cockroaches. Or, spray a mixture of Borax and water along the floorboards of an area where you have noticed a bug problem.

Tags: area where, Borax with, Borax your, Borax your laundry, spray bottle, spray cleaner, your kitchen

Vegetarian Restaurants In Clearwater Florida

Vegetarian dining in Clearwater, Florida

As a vegetarian, it is important to find restaurants that cater to your specific diet needs. While most restaurants offer vegetable dishes, or can sometimes replace meat with vegetables, having a list of vegetarian-friendly restaurants is helpful when traveling. While not all restaurants are purely vegetarian, they offer non-carnivorous dishes and meat substitutes for vegetarian diners in Clearwater, Florida. These restaurants range from Indian and Mexican cuisine to organic sandwiches.

Nature's Food Patch and Bunny Hop Cafe

Located just outside downtown Clearwater, this diner plus grocery store serves mainly vegetarian, all organic meals. Dining options include sandwiches, a juice bar, bakery and a salad bar. The caf is open all week from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., and the store is open Monday through Saturday from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., and Sundays from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. Also offers free wireless Internet.

Sasujee Fine Indian Cuisine

This authentic Indian-style buffet offers a wide selection of vegetarian South Indian dishes including gujarati and dosas.

Lonni's Sandwiches, Etc.

While not a purely vegetarian restaurant, Lonni's offers several options including soup, bagels, vegetable platter, vegetarian sandwiches and salads. The sandwich shop serves unique wild rice bread, potato bread and spinach or tomato wraps, with custom vegetarian sandwich options.

Deeya Indian Cuisine

An authentic Indian restaurant that offers affordable vegetarian and vegan dishes. While not purely vegetarian, Indian cuisine lends itself well to meat-free dishes such as vegetable curry and samosa.

Thai Basil

Open since 1998, this family owned restaurant offers a variety of vegetarian and vegan meals as well as sushi rolls and other Thai dishes. The restaurant is open Monday through Friday, from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., then again from 4:30 to 9:30, and Saturday from 4:30 to 9:30 p.m.

Casa Tina's

Located just north of Clearwater, FL, this family owned restaurant offers authentic Mexican cuisine made from fresh ingredients daily. Not a purely vegetarian restaurant, but all meat dishes can be replaced with vegetables and vegetarian-specific dishes are available. The restaurant is open Sunday through Thursday from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m. and Friday and Saturday from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m.

Tags: purely vegetarian, Clearwater Florida, Saturday from, Clearwater this, family owned, family owned restaurant

New Hampshire Vegan Restaurants

Maintaining a healthy diet is difficult when so much advertising caters toward unhealthy fast-food choices. Practicing a vegan diet means excluding all animal products from your food, including how your food is prepared. Eating out on a vegan diet can feel like a challenge, but many New Hampshire restaurants are going vegan, or offering vegan menu items. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Maia Papaya

Maia Papaya is a small coffee shop and vegan-friendly café, tucked into the mountains of Bethlehem, New Hampshire. Bethlehem offers a diverse and lively cultural atmosphere, with Maia Papaya in the heart of downtown. At Maia Papaya, the sandwiches are simple, and can satisfy any appetite. Soup options change daily, while subs such as the "Green Submarine" are a constant menu item. If you are looking for something on the sweeter side, Maia Papaya also offers dessert and drink options to suit any taste. All menu ingredients are listed beneath each item; however, some items do contain animal products, such as milk or eggs, so be sure to ask for clarification if you are unsure if a menu item is vegan. Maya Papaya is open Monday through Friday from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. with weekend hours from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Maia Papaya

2161 Main Street

Bethlehem, NH 03574

(603) 869-9900

Café Indigo

Café Indigo started with an exhausting search for a vegan wedding cake. The owners wanted to please vegans and non-vegans alike with flavorful baked goods. Through converting family recipes, Café Indigo quickly developed into a booming business that offers vegan cakes, which are available to order directly from the company website. Vegdining.com, part of the Vegetarian Resource Group, notes that all of Café Indigo's items are completely vegan. Café Indigo also offers tofu, seitan and veggie wraps. Café Indigo is open Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and Sunday from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. for brunch. The Café Indigo website has a complete menu.

Café Indigo

128 H Hall Street

Concord NH 03301

(603) 224-1770

cafeindigo.com

Country Life Vegetarian Restaurant & Natural Foods Store

Country Life Vegetarian Restaurant in downtown Keene is open for a lunch buffet Monday through Friday from 11:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., and brunch on Sunday from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., with all vegan menu options. The Country Life Restaurant offers a daily soup made from scratch, veggie dishes, tofu dishes, and Italian and Mexican-inspired entries. Discoverourtown.com notes the Country Life Restaurant uses only fresh, natural ingredients, and the staff believes in the importance of maintaining a healthy diet. You can visit the Country Life Vegetarian store and bakery Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., or visit the Country Life Restaurant website to view their menu options for each day of the month.

The Country Life Restaurant & Store

15 Roxbury Street

Keene, NH 03431

(603) 357-3975

countryliferestaurant.com/index.html

Tags: Country Life, Maia Papaya, Country Life Restaurant, Friday from, Life Restaurant

Choose Low Carb Flour

If you are on a low carbohydrate diet, grains can be a problem. Conventional flours, like wheat flour and corn meal, are usually too high in carbohydrates to be allowed on low carb diets, but that doesn't mean that you can't have breads, crackers or baked desserts. There are lower carbohydrate flours that can satisfy your craving for baked goods, or can even be used as thickening agents in soups and stews. Some of them even have advantages, like cholesterol lowering properties or cancer fighting agents, over the flours you are used to. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Learn about the properties of low carb flour. The one thing you have to keep in mind is that flour varieties will behave differently depending on their chemical composition. Some don't rise well, like soy flour. Others brown more rapidly than the flour you are probably used to. Any change in your flour choices will require some trial and error to adapt them to the recipes you enjoy. There are some other advantages to low carbohydrate flours too. Many of them undergo less processing, which makes them higher in fiber and often more naturally nutritious.

2. Evaluate the carbohydrate concentrations in the specialty flours that interest you. The flour isle of your local grocery or natural foods market will have a number of low carbohydrate flour offerings. Common low carb flours would include almond flour, coconut flour, flaxseed flour and soy flour.

3. Calculate the reduction in the overall number of carbohydrates in the flour depending on its fiber content. For example, coconut flour has 16 grams of carbohydrates per cup, with about 11 grams coming from fiber. That makes the net carbohydrate count for a cup of coconut flour around 5 carbs.

4. Consider the health and nutritional benefits the flour has to offer. Most specialty flours have multiple benefits, so read the nutrition labels to see which one will most benefit you from a health perspective.

5. Think about your flour needs. Will you be using flour for baking yeast breads or cookies? Do you want a flour that is a good thickener? Is the low carbohydrate count the most important consideration? Understanding what your needs are before you shop will make it easier to find the flour or flours that will be the best fit.

6. Purchase specialty flours in small amounts. Often flours like soy have a shorter shelf life than wheat flour because they contain fewer preservatives.

7. Remember, taste matters. If you don't like the taste, it probably doesn't matter how low in carbs a flour is. If coconut just isn't your cup of tea, buying it in flour form and baking it into a cookie isn't going to change that.

8. Understand that for the best results, you may have to combine different flours, or use them in combination with traditional wheat flour. Typically coconut flour or flaxseed flour can effectively replace up to 25 percent of the flour in baked recipes, but more will tend to make the results dry and dense. Soy flour can replace about 15 percent of the wheat flour in recipes containing yeast, and up to 25 percent of the flour in other recipes.

Tags: coconut flour, wheat flour, flours that, specialty flours, carbohydrate count

Why Use Glycerin For A Liquid Laundry Soap Recipe

Why Use Glycerin for a Liquid Laundry Soap Recipe?

The characteristics of a laundry soap depend on the properties and functions of its components. Glycerin in particular has chemical properties that make it a desirable ingredient. Does this Spark an idea?

Low Toxicity

One important property of glycerol (glycerin) is its low toxicity to humans. The Material Safety Data Sheet for glycerin indicates that it readily biodegrades, making it environment-friendly.

Easy Procurement

Science JRank notes that glycerin naturally exists in fats and oils, such as coconut and olive oil. It is also a natural byproduct of the soap-making process, which manufacturers often remove for use in more profitable skin care products, or retain as an ingredient in certain soaps.

Solvency

According to the SEVAS Bioinformatics Institute, glycerin is a good solvent for organic and inorganic solids. This means that glycerin can improve the laundry soap's ability to dissolve various soils, clean without leaving residue, and prevent the separation or deterioration of various ingredients.

Softening Qualities

Glycerin can act as an emollient (softener) and texture enhancer in a laundry soap. According to the Soap and Detergent Association, softeners not only impart softness to fabrics, but also reduce fabric friction and static electricity

Hygroscopic Effect

According to Biodiesel, glycerin is a hygroscopic substance, that is, it has the capacity to draw water from the air and retain moisture. It can therefore help ensure product homogeneity.

Stability

Vegetable glycerin is stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage, according to the Material Safety Data Sheet.

Tags: Data Sheet, Glycerin Liquid, Glycerin Liquid Laundry, Laundry Soap, laundry soap, Laundry Soap Recipe

Sprinkles To Cake Mix

Add multicolored sprinkles to a yellow cake for a birthday party.

One way to make a plain cake more exciting is to add sprinkles to the cake batter. The sprinkles dissolve as they bake, leaving behind colored spots in the finished cake, which is sometimes referred to as a confetti cake. You can add sprinkles to any type of cake mix, although they show up best in a light-colored cake. Try red sprinkles in a pink cake for Valentine's Day, red and blue sprinkles in a white cake for the 4th of July or multicolored sprinkles in a white or yellow cake for a birthday party. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Grease the cake pan or pans. Set them on the counter next to you.

2. Prepare the cake mix as directed on the package.

3. Pour 1/4 cup of candy sprinkles into the cake batter. Choose a color of sprinkles that will stand out against the color of the cake. You can use more than one color if you like.

4. Fold the sprinkles into the batter with a few quick strokes of the wooden spoon.

5. Pour the batter into the cake pan immediately. If you are too slow, the color of the sprinkles will begin bleeding into the batter and create streaks.

6. Bake the cake according to the package directions.

Tags: yellow cake birthday, birthday party, cake batter, cake birthday, cake birthday party, cake more

Understand Different Types Of Coffee Drinks

Understand Different Types of Coffee Drinks

Go into a coffe shop and you may hear an order such as "I'll have a venti latte half decaf with skim milk". The first time I heard this, I wanted to run out the door. What language were they talking? I just wanted a large black coffee. When you go to the store or a coffee shop, there is a list of types of coffee you can choose from. Understanding your options can make ordering your morning cup o joe easier. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Espresso pronounced [ess-PRESS-o]

A 1 or 2 ounce drink, making it a very small size, made by forcing pressured hot water through finely ground dark roasted coffee beans. Do not be fooled by its size. Espresso is very strong. Many people order regular coffe with a shot of expresso added, to strengthen the coffee.

2. CaffÈ Latte pronounced [caf-AY LAH-tay]

Caffe latte is espresso with steamed milk forming a small topping of foam. It has less foam than a cappuccino

3. If you want an expresso, latte style, but with steamed "half & half" or cream, the actual name is Breve. Note: you can order it in its decription versus breve if you forget.

4. Cappuccino pronounced [cap-uh-CHEE-no]

A cup of 1/3 espresso (1 shot) 1/3 steamed milk and 1/3 foam.

5. CafÉ au lait pronounced [cah-FAY oh LAY]

"Regular" coffee and heated milk (or scalded milk) in latte proportions. The coffee is brewed in double strength.

6. CaffÈ Mocha pronounced [caf-AY MO-kah]

A latte or a cappuccino with chocolate syrup or hot cocoa. This varies from each store and area. Make sure yu clarify before ordering.

7. One final distinction is iced coffees: Cappuccino is a double shot of espresso over crushed ice with an two ounces of cold milk and milk froth.

As an iced espresso is a double shot of espresso over crushed ice, with whipped cream

Tags: Coffee Drinks, crushed with, Different Types, Different Types Coffee, double shot, double shot espresso

Types Of Rice Flour

There are three types of rice flour.

Rice flour is made of raw rice kernels that are ground into a fine to course textures of powder. The course rice flour is commonly used in baked items, such as cookies and cakes and the fine rice flour is similar to cornstarch and is used for thickening various types of foods, including sauces, puddings and pie fillings. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Basic Rice Flour

Brown or white varieties of rice are found in basic rice flour. Brown rice flour is made from the whole rice kernel minus the outer husk and white rice flour is made from ground polished rice that has been separated from the bran and germ. Brown rice flour isn't much darker than white rice flour, but the texture isn't near as soft and smooth.

Gluten Free

White flour is often used in Asian cooking and is a standard ingredient in Asian noodle recipes. It does not contain gluten and even though it is used for many kinds of baking, it will not create proper rising in yeast breads unless it is mixed with wheat flour.

Nuttier Flavor

Brown rice is equally gluten free and can be used in recipes the same way as white rice; however, brown rice has a nuttier flavor. It has a grainy consistency that gives a finer crumbliness in baked goods.

Mochiko Rice Flour

Mochiko flour is a sweet flour ground from mochi rice. It is a short-grained rice that grows in Asia. It is used in sauces and other food recipes to provide a strong binding that can hold up to refrigerator and freezer temperatures without separating. It is not gluten free and is frequently used for breading foods for frying. It is also used for preparing common dessert foods that require flour. This flour is a basic ingredient in Japanese mochi, also called rice dumplings.

Tags: rice flour, flour made, white rice, Brown rice, Brown rice flour, flour made from, gluten free

Side Effects Of Coffee Enema

Some people believe the caffeine in coffee enemas stimulates muscles and the liver and helps to remove toxins in ways that a traditional enema cannot. However, there are also potential side effects to this procedure.

Time Frame

Some people who believe in the benefits of the coffee enema take one daily. Others have coffee enemas with varying degrees of frequency, from every other day to every now and then.

Possible Burns

Because the coffee needs to be brewed at a high temperature, there is a risk of burning. Coffee needs to be cooled before the enema, or else there could be burns both inside and out the anus. Burns in the intestinal tract are also possible and would require immediate medical care.

Enema Risks

As with any enema, there are risks, especially for those who are unfamiliar with the procedure. A hard-tipped enema could cause tears or punctures and lead to other complications. The enema equipment can also hold bacteria, which could lead to sickness and infection.

Caffeine Effects

Since caffeine is absorbed into the body during the enema, the body can react as it does to caffeine use. Jitteriness, insomnia, sleeplessness, hyperactivity, heart palpitations and irregular heartbeats are all possible. Regular use could lead to caffeine dependence, as is possible with regular caffeine drinking.

Warning

Use a disposable enema kit to minimize side effects related to infection. Bacteria may remain present in reusable kits if they are not properly or completely cleaned between enemas.

Tags: coffee enemas, could lead, people believe, side effects, Some people

Healthy Canned Cat Food

Healthy Canned Cat Food

You don't have to buy holistic or all-natural canned cat food to provide a healthy diet for your cat. But take the time to read the labels on cat food cans before you buy. The list of ingredients will tell you whether the food will provide healthy meals for your cat.

Meat First

If meat, not meat byproducts, is listed first or second on the label, the food should provide all the animal protein your cat needs.

Avoid Rice and Wheat Gluten

Cats' bodies don't use grains efficiently, and in many cats, they turn to fat. Grains are also a common allergen in cats. Canned food with "sauce" or "gravy" usually contains grain in the form of wheat gluten.

Stay Away from Soy

Soy, too, is a common allergen in cats. And while soy is a source of protein, cats are obligate carnivores and need meat, not protein, from plants.

No Need for Veggies

Cats have no physiologic requirement for vegetables and lack the enzymes needed to break them down so they can be used efficiently.

About Meat Byproducts

According to Elizabeth Hodgkins, meat byproducts listed after meat on a cat food can label are not necessarily bad. On her website, she says clean spleens and lungs make "perfectly acceptable" meats for cats, who eat those organs in the prey animals they catch.

Human Grade and All Natural

Susan Thixton, author of the Petsumer Report newsletter, says words such as "natural" and "human grade" on pet food packaging can be misleading. If you call or email, most cat food manufacturers will tell you the grade of meat used in their food, where the ingredients are sourced and whether their products are made in factories that also produce food for humans.

Tags: allergen cats, byproducts listed, common allergen, common allergen cats, Healthy Canned, Healthy Canned Food

Cook Tilapia Several Different Ways

Tilapia is often farm raised.

Tilapia has become so popular that it is now the fifth most popular seafood consumed in the U.S. Tilapia has many nutritional benefits including being high in protein and low in calories, carbohydrates and fat. It is a great source of potassium and vitamin B12. Fillets cook quickly and can be added to countless recipes. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Rinse tilapia under cool water. Whether whole or fillets, rinse and pat dry lightly with a paper towel.

2. Season the fish with your favorite seasonings. Salt, paper, olive oil, anise seed (ground), basil, oregano, or lemon juice are all good seasonings for tilapia.

3. Add to any recipe calling for a light flaky fish.

4. Bake tilapia in a well oiled oven proof dish at 350 degrees F for 25 minutes. Don't turn while cooking. Fish is done when it can flake easily.

5. Pan fry fish in a large pan with olive oil about 25 minutes, turning once during cooking. Dredging in flour provides a good coating and makes it crunchy on the outside.

6. Barbecue the fish at medium heat on a grill using a fish basket for about 25 minutes. Spray the basket with a nonstick spray. Turn once during cooking.

7. Poach the fish in a shallow baking dish that can be used on the stove top. Add a cup of liquid such as white wine or clam juice. After the fish starts to boil, simmer for 10 minutes.

Tags: about minutes, during cooking, once during, once during cooking

Cook Cheeseburgers On The Grill

Cheeseburgers - This ehow articles will show you cook a delicious cheeseburger on the grill. Summertime is almost over and you can still get out there and enjoy some great barbecue meals. The key to enjoying a nice, big, juicy cheeseburger is in the grilling technique. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Make a pile of the charcoals in your grill. I usually use about 50 coals to make the fire nice and hot.

2. Add some lighter fluid and light the coal. Be careful and watch the flames. Let the coals burn for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, the coals should be red hot.

3. Place the burgers on the coals and cook on each side for about 3-5 minutes. I put the meat in the center of the grill where the coals are very hot.

4. Add the cheese onto the meat as it cooks and let it melt.

5. Once the burger is ready, place it in the bun and add lettuce, tomatoes, onions and pickles.

6. Do not let the burgers sit for a long time. Eat right away. Yummy!

Tags:

Bangkok Travel Advice

View ornate architecture in the city of Bangkok.

Bangkok, Thailand, is a city of mystery and energy. The crowded streets and markets, the shabby huts and street traffic compete with skyscrapers and glitzy hotels. The general disposition of the Thai people in Bangkok tends toward openness and humor. It is true that there is pollution and an overdose of concrete, but there are also ancient temples, delectable cuisine and luxurious accommodations.

Sights

Common to all Thai cities is a shrine in which the guardian spirit of the city is housed. In Bangkok, the shrine is quite interesting to visit. The shrine itself is a wooden pillar, and dancers are often commissioned to perform here. Less appealing to some are the pig heads and incense left here as gifts. The shine is free to the public, and the hours run from 5:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. The Sri Mariamman Temple, on the other hand, pays tribute to Hinduism in a colorful and architecturally marvelous structure. When visiting here, travelers should remember to take off their shoes before entering. Also, while photographs outside are encouraged, no photography is allowed inside the temple. The Lingam Shrine is definitely the raciest shrine to visit. A garden of phalluses surrounds a house and shrine devoted to a female-fertility deity believed to reside in a nearby banyan tree. You can find the Lingam Shrine just behind the Nai Lert Park Hotel. A number of tourists and worshipers visit daily.

Where to Eat

Famous for its curry crab, Somboon Seafood has five locations in Bangkok. Locals and travelers go head over heels for the meals here, which also include deep-fried grouper with basil and roasted freshwater prawns with glass noodles. If you are in the mood for pad thai, skip the street vendors and head straight to Thip Samai. Revered for what they bill "superb pad thai," Thip Samai uses Chantaburi noodles and a heavenly blend of spices. For a true taste of Thailand, make this a stop on your trip.

Where to Stay

Bangkok is famous for luxury hotels. If you want to experience the ultimate in decadence, stay at the Mandarin Oriental, which has hosted dignitaries and presidents. Writers Ernest Hemingway and Joseph Conrad stayed here. The hotel is breathtaking, offering fantastic spas, cooking lessons, views and fitness options. The lounges here glitter and the staff is impressive. For old world decor and indulgence, stay at the Eugenia Hotel. The atmosphere here breathes colonial-style living and exploration. The comfort derives from features such as the overstuffed armchairs and the four-poster beds. Spas and pools can be found on the grounds, as well as a fabulous restaurant and lounge.

Tags: Lingam Shrine, Thip Samai

Teach The Story Of Daniel To Teenagers

Teaching teens the book of Daniel builds Christian identity, faithfulness, humility and wisdom.

The Old Testament Bible records that Daniel and other young Hebrew males were taken captive by the Chaldeans. Daniel's name, which means "God is my Judge," and other Hebrew names were replaced by Chaldean names such as: Belshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednigo. Throughout the book of Daniel, Daniel and his closest peers choose to honor God rather than the words of the king, whether it be Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar or Darius. Teaching the story of Daniel to teenagers provides lessons in spiritual identity, faithfulness, the dangers of pride, and God's incomprehensible wisdom and greatness.

Instructions

1. Ask students to brainstorm how they identify themselves as family members, learners, workers and/or citizens. Next, read Daniel 1:1-17 which reports the selection of young intelligent men who would be trained to serve in the king's palace," and ask students to reflect on Daniel's decision not to defile himself with the king's food. Examine the choices made by Daniel and his three friends and compare and contrast the choices believers make today to share their identity in Christ.

2. Ask students to define a faithful person through that person's characteristics. Read Daniel chapter three and examine Shadrach, Meschach and Abednigo's refusal to bow to the golden image. Examine how quickly the other leaders pointed out that "fault" and how the three Hebrews stayed true to God, regardless of the outcome. Next, discuss the fourth man in the fire and Nebuchadnezzar's response to that sight.

3. Ask students what they know about the dangers of pride (such as Lucifer's fall). Note the narrative in Daniel four is given through King Nebuchadnezzar's perspective. He shares his dream, Daniel's interpretation, the fulfilment of that dream's prophecy, and how the king came to his senses after seven years of living as an ox.

The pride of King Belshazzar, the son of King Nebuchadnezzar, also brought the judgment of God shortly after there was the finger writing on the wall. Princes appeal to King Darius's pride to Daniel in the lion's den. The princes wanted to end Daniel's life, but they lost their own lives instead.

4. Listen to the teenagers' response to the question "What is true wisdom?" Highlight the times God gave Daniel both visions and dreams. This includes Daniel two where Daniel asked for time for God to reveal the king's dream and the interpretation of it.

Brainstorm predictions in the Bible which have been fulfilled (such as the virgin birth of Jesus Christ) as well as predictions yet to come true. This is the focus of Daniel seven through twelve.

5. Group Daniel's prophecies as those which happened before Christ's incarnation, those that pertain specifically to Christ's time on earth, and those that as yet to come. For example, the vision of the two-horned ram and shaggy goat refer to the Medes and Persians versus Greece. The allusions to Christ in Daniel nine state Jerusalem would be rebuilt and the anointed one would be rejected. Finally Daniel's prophecies of the future are "rolled up and sealed until the time of the end."

Tags: book Daniel, dangers pride, Daniel prophecies, identity faithfulness, King Nebuchadnezzar, those that

Raw Chicken Diet For A Dog

Raw Chicken Diet for a Dog

As organic foods become more popular for humans, pet owners are also searching for more natural diets for their dogs. In the wild, your dog would eat animal carcasses, obtaining nutrients from a balance of muscle and organ meat. He wouldn't have access to cooked foods with grains. However, many veterinarians still contend that raw diets don't provide the balanced nutrients domestic dogs require.

Raw Chicken Diet

Natural diets consist of raw meats and bones and, in some cases, fruits and vegetables. The most common base for this diet is chicken because it is easily obtained and relatively cheap. Owners can also choose turkey, fish, beef, lamb or venison. Feed one pound of meat per 50 pounds weight of your dog, decreasing portions for smaller dogs. It's important to feed both muscle and organ meat to provide your dog with all the nutrients it needs. Some raw diets are commercially available, reducing preparation time, but be sure you are getting your meat from an organic source as dogs can't process many of the chemicals used in human-prepared meat.

Balanced Diet

Since dogs are, in fact, omnivores, they require nutrients from fruits and vegetables as well. Good vegetables are carrots, broccoli, zucchini, peas, cauliflower and green beans. Be sure to cook the vegetables and grind them up with a food processor or blender as dogs often don't chew vegetables and thus can't get the nutrients. Dogs will also eat some fruits such as apples. Raw eggs can also round out a balanced diet. If you are not feeding raw bones, provide a calcium supplement for your dog as well.

Advantages

Owners and veterinarians who prefer raw diets contend that their dogs have healthier coats, more energy and fewer veterinary bills because they are generally healthier. Allergies are often greatly reduced because many dogs have grain allergies, which are eliminated from the raw chicken diet. There are no preservatives or dyes, which can be harmful for dogs or cause additional allergies. In addition, dogs love the raw meat diet and are always excited for mealtime.

Criticisms

While raw chicken bones are perfectly palatable for dogs. never feed them cooked chicken bones because they can splinter. Many veterinarians also contend that raw diets are bad because of all the bacteria in raw meat. This may be true, but dogs are used to digesting bacteria and can do so more easily than humans. There are very few cases of dogs getting sick from raw food diets.

Warning

The most important thing to remember when preparing a raw diet for your dog is to protect your own health. Raw chicken contains salmonella, which can lead to severe food poisoning, so wash your hands with hot water after preparing your dog's meal. Be sure to clean up all preparation areas and wash bowls after meals. Keep raw food away from young children who might accidentally touch it and put their hands in their mouths.

Tags: contend that, because they, chicken bones, Chicken Diet, contend that diets, dogs have, fruits vegetables

Cook Pig Tongues

Most parts of a pig are edible, including the tongue.

For most of human history, the cook's attitude toward livestock was a pretty straightforward one: every single bit of it was going to get eaten, one way or another. In the course of the 20th century, as most Americans got further and further away from the farm, that "waste not want not" ethos came to seem old-fashioned. The rise of "foodie culture" in recent years has reversed that trend, as cooks and diners once again take an interest in odd things, like pig's tongues, under the influence of celebrity chefs like Anthony Bourdain and Fergus Henderson. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Rinse the tongue under cold running water. Place it in a pot and cover it with cold water. Place the pot on a burner over moderately high heat.

2. Add the bay leaf, onion, salt, pepper, garlic or other seasonings as desired. Bring the water almost to a boil. Reduce the heat and allow the tongue to simmer until very tender, approximately 1 1/2 to 2 hours. Test with the tip of a sharp knife blade.

3. Cool the tongue in its cooking liquid for at least 1 hour, or overnight. Remove it from the cooking liquid, which can be discarded. Use the tip of a sharp knife to cut through the tongue's skin, from tip to root.

4. Peel the skin from the tongue, just as if you were peeling an orange. Feel the root of the tongue with your fingers to locate any areas of tough gristle. Trim these off.

5. Use the tongue whole, sliced or diced as directed in your favorite recipe, or wrap it carefully and refrigerate or freeze.

Tags: cooking liquid, sharp knife, skin from, water Place

Prepare Giblets

The heart, gizzard and liver of turkeys and chickens are referred to as the giblets. These organ meats add flavor to gravy, stuffing, rice and other cooked dishes. Preparing and cooking the giblets prior to use ensures they are cooked through and safe to eat. Giblets typically come sealed in a plastic or paper bag inside the chicken or turkey cavity. Remove the bag before cooking the bird. You can also buy giblets on their own from some groceries and butchers. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Place the giblets in a small saucepan. Add enough water to the pan to cover the giblets.

2. Heat the pan over medium-high heat until the water begins to simmer. Simmer the giblets for 20 minutes, or until the juices are clear.

3. Remove the pan from the heat. Cool the giblets for five to 10 minutes, or until they are cool enough to handle.

4. Place the heart and gizzard on a cutting board, and chop them up with a sharp knife. Crumble the liver with your fingers.

5. Add the prepared giblets to the dish, following the directions in your recipe. Alternatively, store the prepared giblets in a sealed container in the refrigerator for up to two days.

Tags: heart gizzard, minutes until, prepared giblets

Use Raw Shea Butter

Shea butter is an emollient that originated in West Africa. It is made by boiling the nuts of the karite, or shea, tree. Shea butter can do a number of things, including treat eczema, even out skin tone, provide moisture and even act as a mild sunscreen. Raw shea butter can be whipped along with oils to make it sweet smelling and delightful for everyday use. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

Instructions

1. Place raw shea butter in mixing bowl. Begin to whip with hand mixer on low setting.

2. Add in the olive or coconut oil a bit at a time until mixture obtains a soft, mousse-like texture. Add in the essential oil drop by drop until the smell suits your preference. Continue to whip the shea butter for another two minutes in order to aerate it and give it a smooth, creamy texture.

3. Scoop the shea butter into the airtight container. Store in refrigerator for up to two weeks. The hand mixer can be cleaned as usual.

4. To use, rub a bit of the butter between your palms to melt it, then apply to the skin as needed. Shea butter is very thick and rich, so you don't need to use a lot of it at once. Shea butter can also be used to moisturize dry hair. Just rub between the palms and apply to hair after bathing.

Tags: Shea butter, hand mixer, shea butter, shea butter

Safely Use Chicken Manure As A Fertilizer

Chicken manure is a rich organic fertilizer.

Chicken manure contains high volumes of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. This combination of high-level nutrients provides growers with an organic fertilizer used for growing flowers, herbs and vegetables. Although chicken manure is an excellent amendment for the garden soil, the manure must age first to avoid burning young plants with the high concentration of nutrients when fresh. By using chicken manure as fertilizer instead of the chemical kind found in retail stores, the grower will eliminate the risk of toxic by-products seeping into the soil and harming the plants. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Wear gloves to protect your hands from the chicken manure.

2. Add fresh chicken manure and straw bedding to a compost bin daily. The correct straw to chicken manure ratio is at least 2 parts straw for 1 part manure.

3. Turn the chicken manure with a garden rake to mix. Spray a light mist of water from the garden hose into the compost bin to dampen the contents, and use the rake again to turn the contents.

4. Repeat turning the chicken manure contents and misting with water at least once a week, up to six months. Composting the chicken manure up to six months ensures harmful organisms will not survive and harm the plants when added to the garden soil.

5. Apply a 3-inch layer of composted chicken manure to the garden bed in late fall. Do not disturb the garden bed until early spring. Leaving a thick layer of chicken manure on top of the garden bed allows the nutrients from the manure to leech down into the existing soil.

6. Consult the local county extension on when the last frost date is expected to pass. Work the chicken manure into the top 6 inches of garden bed soil with a shovel around one month before the last frost date.

7. Add handfuls of composted chicken manure around the base of growing plants at least two times per month during the growing season. Work the manure fertilizer into the soil surrounding the plants, using your hands. Use the garden hose to water the chicken manure further into the soil around the plants.

Tags: chicken manure, chicken manure, chicken manure, garden soil, into soil, chicken manure, chicken manure garden

Smoke A Turkey

Nothing has a more distinctive and rich flavor than a smoked turkey. For holidays, a smoked turkey is considered a delicacy. Commercially smoked turkeys can be expensive; instead, consider smoking a turkey at home. Home smoked turkeys can be affordable and just as tasty. Follow these steps to smoke a turkey. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Fill the smoker's liquid pan with liquid. While water is the most common liquid used in smoking, other liquids, such as wine or fruit juice add a unique flavor to the turkey.

2. Place good quality charcoal in the charcoal pan. Light the charcoal and close the cover. If the smoker does not have an internal temperature gauge, place an appliance thermometer on the smoker rack before starting the charcoals.

3. Prepare the turkey for smoking. Turkeys for smoking do not need elaborate preparation; the smoke adds the flavor. Wash the turkey in cold water and remove the giblets and neck from the interior. Salt and pepper the turkey. Refrigerate until ready to place in the smoker.

4. Place the turkey on the grill in the smoker after the charcoal is hot. The internal temperature of the smoker should be between 250 to 300 degrees F. Close the smoker.

5. Add charcoal every hour as needed to maintain the internal temperature.

6. Replenish the liquid in the liquid pan as necessary.

7. Use a food thermometer inserted in the turkey to determine when the turkey is done. The turkey should be 180 degrees F in the thigh and 170 degrees F in the breast. Generally, the turkey will need to cook 20 to 30 minutes per pound.

Tags: internal temperature, smoked turkey, smoked turkeys

Prepare Brine For Chicken

Trussing chicken before roasting allows it to cook evenly.

Brining can mean the difference between a tough, dry roasted chicken and a juicy, flavorful bird. Once practiced only by culinary professionals, brining is, reports "Cook's Illustrated" magazine, making its way into the kitchen of skilled home cooks. When you see how easy it is to make a brine for roasted chicken, and taste the results, you'll never eat unbrined poultry again. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Pour the water into a large sauce pan or stock pot and place over medium-high heat. Cover the pot and bring the water to a hard boil. Bubbling should be somewhat aggressive.

2. Add the salt to the water and stir to combine. Kosher salt takes a bit longer than table salt to dissolve, but should be invisible in a matter of minutes. Professional chef and author MIchael Ruhlman recommends a ratio of 2 1/2 cups of water to 1 oz. salt as the ideal basic brine.

3. Turn off the heat and allow the brine to cool. When it cools to room temperature, transfer it to the refrigerator. When its temperature drops to 40 degrees, add a whole broiler-frier chicken. Refrigerate the chicken in the brine for 12 hours, then rinse, pat dry, and roast as usual.

Tags: roasted chicken

Fashion Design School In Italy

Italy is a nation rich with history and culture. As such, Italy (especially Milan) has become one of the fashion capitals of the world. Italy is home to such fashion greats as Gucci, Prada and Bulgari, while emerging designers continue to make a name for themselves around the country. If you're looking to go into fashion design, there's no doubt that Italy is a great place to start. You'll be able to study from industry professionals as well as intern and make career connections right at the heart of the world of fashion.

Academia Italiana

Located in historic Florence (the locals call it Firenze), Academia Italiana lets you study fashion design after taking in some of the most beautiful sites in the world (such as the Duomo or collections of original da Vincis). Accredited in Britain, this three-year course will earn you a bachelor's degree in fashion design. During your time at Academia Italiana, you'll learn about the history of fashion and design all sorts of clothing, from casual wear to sportswear. The school boasts an annual fashion show in addition to allowing students opportunities to intern and work with some of the biggest fashion houses in the world.

Polimoda School

The Polimoda School, located in Florence, is a collaboration with the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City. Although the school follows the traditional American four-year track (three years of course study plus one year master class), the courses are taught solely in Italian. Throughout your four years in the program, you'll learn about the history and functionality of clothes, but your final project will be a culmination of everything you've learned: a fashion show debuted to the public with invited press.

Domus Academy

Located in Milan, Italy's "Second City" (and a hub for fashion--Prada's label has the name of this town etched in it), the Domus Academy offers a master's in fashion design for those who have an aptitude for fashion design. This 11-month course is offered from January to December, and you'll do everything from learning the basics to debuting collections to the public and press at an exhibition. During your stint at Domus, you'll be paired with a fashion company to collaborate with on designs. Each company selects several students to work with further as the year nears an end.

Istituto di Moda Burgo

The Istituto di Moda Burgo is also located in the fashion epicenter of Milan. Although you won't earn a bachelor's or master's from completing this course of study, you will gain enough training to start working in the fashion field. The program offers a 900-hour course that can be taken over two years or intensively over one year. The Istituto di Moda Burgo sees a strong connection between visual art and fashion and strives to bring home that connection to the students. While studying fashion design at the Istituto di Moda Burgo, you'll take many courses in drawing as well as courses on marketing, yarn and other materials. This program is offered in both English and Italian.

Istituto Marangoni

The Istituto Marangoni is yet another fashion school in Milan. However, this school also offers locations in Paris and London, making the curriculum focus heavily on different cultures and how fashion influences and shapes them. Students from all over the world gather here for the three-year basic program taught in English. During your course of study, you'll learn about the history of clothes, drawing techniques, global markets and building a brand for for your line of clothing. The Istituto Marangoni also offers support for those looking for a job after graduation.

Tags: fashion design, Istituto Moda, Istituto Moda Burgo, Moda Burgo, about history

What Is A Craft Project For A Senior Citizen Group

No-sew fleece blankets for children are a great craft option for senior citizen groups.

Senior citizen groups looking for craft ideas have lots of options. When deciding on an activity, ask the group what interests them. Some older adults have trouble seeing or handling small items, so choose an activity that is not overly complicated.

No-Sew Fleece Blanket

A no-sew fleece blanket is a good option for a senior citizen craft project. The blankets can be made using fleece material that is cut and then tied together at the ends. There are lots of patterns available on the Internet, or kits can be purchased at craft stores. The blankets can either be used by the crafters or donated to local hospitals or homeless shelters.

Card Making

Creating cards for family or for those who might need some cheering up is a great craft project for a senior citizen group. Using simple materials like card stock, markers, paints, stickers, stamps and glitter, individuals may get as elaborate as they would like. The cards could be sent to family, friends or soldiers serving overseas.

Scrapbooking

Senior citizen groups can help each other compile scrapbooks of memories. Arranging photos and other mementos in the company of others allows people to reflect on the past and share those events with friends. The finished scrapbook will be something the members can enjoy now, and later on it will also be a cherished item for family members.

Tags: citizen groups, craft project, great craft, option senior, option senior citizen, senior citizen, Senior citizen groups

Use A Meat Thermometer On A Turkey

Meat Thermometer by KYares

Like chicken, turkey needs to be fully cooked in order to be safe to eat. While many brands of turkeys come with a pop-up button that is supposed to signal when the turkey is fully cooked, these are not always reliable. The reason for this is that the pop-up timer is inserted into the breast of the turkey, which may not be as thick as the thigh and it is the thickest part of the meat that takes the longest to cook. A reliable meat thermometer is the best way to determine if the turkey is fully cooked. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Follow the cooking times listed on the wrapper of the turkey. Most will recommend 15 minutes per pound for an un-stuffed turkey and 20 minutes per pound for a stuffed one.

2. Insert the probe end of the meat thermometer into the thickest meat area of the turkey. This is generally the thigh area just above where the thigh attaches to the body of the bird.

3. Read the dial or the digital readout on the thermometer. The internal temperature for a fully cooked turkey is 190 degrees. If the temperature is less than that, return the bird to the oven and let it continue cooking.

4. Check the temperature every 15 to 20 minutes until the correct temperature is achieved.

Tags: fully cooked, minutes pound, turkey fully, turkey fully cooked

The Average Families Home & School Food Budget

Families purchase food on a budget.

The average family in the United States has four members and all of them need to eat. Typical expenditures for food vary by individual preferences but the majority of people spend within a similar range. The average food budget for a family of four is about $6,133 a year.

Breakdown of Numbers

The Department of Labor surveyed families and found that around 12.4% of an annual income around $63,000 was spent on food. This would equate to about $510 a month and is about $200 lower than the estimates of the United States Department of Agriculture. Food costs increase every year and data reports rapidly become obsolete, but the average for 2010 seems to be between $510 and $770 per month.

School Lunch

The average cost of school lunch in the nation is just under $2 per plate. Families with more than two school-age children are going to be paying more than the average family of four. The United States Department of Agriculture runs a National School Lunch program that provides lower-cost or free meals to children of families living under the poverty line.

Lowering Your Budget

There are many ways to reduce the food budget for a family of any size. Buying in bulk, using coupons and shopping for sales are just the start of lowering monthly costs. Reducing disposable waste such as baggies, straws and plastic silverware cuts spending and helps the environment. Cooking at home instead of eating out lowers the budget and allows for easier dietary control. Substituting beans as a protein source instead of meat will save money and lead to lower fat intake. A family with a frugal mind can easily lower their average food budget at home and school.

Tags: food budget, United States, average family, average food, average food budget, budget family

Eat Without Sugar Or Flour

Eliminating flour and sugar from your diet may sound extreme, but it is one of the most simple and straightforward ways to clean up your diet and end compulsive eating. Most processed food today is full of "empty" calories -- refined flour and sugar that stimulate a craving-cycle for sweet food and bigger servings. According to Dr. Peter Gott, author of "The No Flour, No Sugar Diet," the average American today eats 500 more calories per day than in 1970. This diet works by removing empty calories and replacing them with more nutrient-rich food. This way you can get out of the craving cycle and reclaim your natural health.

Instructions

1. Throw away all foods in your pantry and refrigerator that contain flour or sugar. Read product labels carefully, as sugar can often hide under other names. Remove products containing any sucrose, fructose, dextrose, malt, corn syrup, honey, molasses, and maple syrup. Get rid of any alcohol, soda, juice and caffeinated beverages.

2. Go grocery shopping and fill your pantry and refrigerator with foods that do not contain any flour or sugar. Buy whole grains such as rice, oats and quinoa. Along with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, round out your meals with beans, nuts, seeds, lean meat, and low-fat dairy products.

3. Eat three moderate meals a day, with no snacking in between. At meals, divide your plate by food group. Half the plate should be non-starchy vegetables or a mix of non-starchy vegetables and fruit. A quarter of the plate should be protein, and the other quarter whole grains.

4. Learn to recognize your personal eating patterns and habits. Keep a food journal. Write down everything you eat soon after meals so you don't forget. Record the size of your portions and detail how you felt.

Tags: flour sugar, contain flour, contain flour sugar, empty calories, meals with, non-starchy vegetables

Comedy Clubs In Burlington Vermont

Comic improvisation

Burlington is a fairly small city of less than 40,000 people. However, it's the largest city in the state of Vermont. It is home to a number of colleges, which flavor the ever-changing comedy scene with a strong youthful vibe. Although there are not any pure comedy clubs in the city, there is a strong comedy scene that is found in a number of clubs and venues.

Higher Ground

Higher Ground is a well-known entertainment venue that features a comedy series on select nights throughout the month. The various acts include stand-up comedy from local comics, as well as well-known seasoned comedians making a stop on their tours. The club offers three full-service bars and serves a full late-night menu, including such bar staples as nachos and sliders.

Higher Ground

1214 Williston Road

So. Burlington, VT 05403

(802) 652-0777

highergroundmusic.com

Flynn Center for the Performing Arts

The Flynn Center is a multifaceted entertainment venue that is home to the comedy series "Stand Up, Sit Down, and Laugh." The monthly show features performances in its 180-seat cabaret space by popular regional comedians and local favorites, including Tony Bates, Andrew Knox, Maryanne Gatos and Josie Leavitt. The venue also offers a stand-up comedy class in which you can learn the elements of comedy; you may then practice your own material in front of a real audience.

Flynn Center for the Performing Arts

153 Main Street

Burlington, Vermont 05401

(802) 863-5966

flynncenter.org

The Comedy Zone at The Radisson Hotel

The Comedy Zone at the Radisson Hotel features two comedians every Friday and Saturday night in its main hotel lounge. There is a full bar and an ever changing line-up of local and visiting comics. The hotel also offers an incredible view of Lake Champlain and a prime downtown location.

The Comedy Zone at The Radisson Hotel Burlington

60 Battery St.

Burlington, VT 05401

(802) 658-6500

radisson.com

Monkey House

Monkey House is a local funky bar and music venue that regularly holds comedy nights featuring local comedians. There is a full bar with great beers on tap and a pool table as well. The club is technically located in Winooski; it's approximately one mile from the University of Vermont in Burlington.

Monkey House

30 Main Street

Winooski, VT 05404

(802) 655-4563

monkeyhousevt.com

Ri Ra Irish Pub

Ri Ra Irish Pub is situated on Church Street in an old stone building built in 1931. It offers comedy nights every Thursday. The bar features comedians from out of town making one their tour stops along the comedy circuit.

Rí Rá Burlington

123 Church St.

Burlington, VT 05401

(802) 860-9401

rira.com

Tags: Zone Radisson Hotel, Comedy Zone, Comedy Zone Radisson, Flynn Center, Higher Ground, Monkey House

Buy Tomatillos

Tomatillos are growing in popularity, as their use spreads outside of Mexican restaurants and into more upscale establishments. Most people believe that it is just a greener version of the tomato. However, this husked green fruit is closer in relation to a gooseberry than a tomato. The tomatillo is said to have a tart flavor with a hint of citrus. It is easily used and easily found. Read on to learn buy tomatillos. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Go directly to your local chain grocery store. Nowadays, just about every major grocery chain carries tomatillos, especially if there is an abundant Hispanic population nearby. The tomatillos are usually displayed in the produce section either with the exotic produce or with the near the avocados and jalapenos.

2. Look at the fruit closely. It should have a green papery husk that completely covers the fruit. Inside, the tomatillo fruit should be green and may have a slight purple tone. It should not be yellow or brown.

3. Look for spots, mold, and other blemishes on both the fruit and the husk.

4. Feel the fruit, gently, for firmness. The tomatillos should be firmer than a tomato, but not hard.

5. Bypass the soft fruits, but the ones that are too hard can be taken home to further ripen in the husk.

Tags: than tomato

Health Risks Of Using Boric Acid To Kill Roaches

Boric acid is widely used as a roach killer in homes and commercial buildings. In fact, in 2009 there are over 100 pesticide products in the United States that contain boric acid as an active ingredient. However, boric acid contains many health risks and has proven to be a health hazard in many ways. Does this Spark an idea?

Crawling bugs

Respiratory Infections

The accidental inhalation of boric acid often leads to an infection of the upper respiratory tract. This infection is noted by shortness of breath and harsh coughing. If the infection becomes worse, it may lead to further health complications and even death.

Irritation Problems

When exposed to boric acid, many people commonly experience irritation of the nose, eyes and throat. While this health risk is unfortunate, it typically does not lead to serious complications of the eyes, throat or nose.

Birth Defects

A developing fetus is most at risk for developing serious health problems when exposed to boric acid. Low birth weight, birth defects and fetal death are among the health risks experienced. For this reason, pregnant women should avoid exposure to boric acid.

Considerations

Studies have shown that humans typically experience serious health risks from boric acid only when exposed to high doses. The minimum dose of boric acid required for lethality is 2-3 grams in infants, 5-6 grams in children and 15-20 grams in adults. The Environmental Protection Agency considers boric acid as "moderately acutely toxic."

Solution

When working with boric acid to kill roaches, it is essential to be cautious and follow the manufacturer's directions completely. Careful application should minimize the risk of exposure and any potential health hazards.

Tags: boric acid, health risks, boric acid, exposed boric, exposed boric acid, eyes throat

Children Activities With Shadrach Meshach & Abednego

Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego followed God's ways even when it meant they could be killed by the king.

Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego and their friend Daniel were hostages to King Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon. They were also royalty among their own people, the Israelites. Chapter 1 of the Book of Daniel tells how the four friends convinced the king and his chiefs that healthy foods, rather than rich foods, made them stronger in many ways. Chapter 3 tells that Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego chose to be thrown into a fiery furnace rather than bow to a golden statue.

Follow God Maze Game

Arrange the classroom or play area in a maze shape. Roll out three or four maze-like paths, each with a different color of crepe paper streamers. All paths should begin at the same place but end at a different place. Place "decision cards" along each path. One path will have only good things and will lead the children to the end. The other three paths should have good decisions at the beginning and bad decisions in the middle and toward the end to have the groups proceed pretty far through the path before they have to turn back. To play the game, small groups of children should start down a path. Each group will read the decision card and decide whether to proceed or go back to the beginning and try another path. Decision cards should have phrases such as, "Mom told me to clean my room, but I played video games instead," which is a bad decision. A good decision would be, "I was playing with my friends and saw that a neighbor was trying to carry a lot of groceries into the house. I told my friends I would come back in a few minutes after I helped the neighbor."

Videotape a Skit

Have the children make up and act out the story from Daniel 1 or from Daniel 3. Provide simple costumes, toy foods, tables and a cardboard box for a furnace. Videotape each skit to sparents and other classes of children.

Courage Plaque

Have the children cut out small magazine pictures of foods to make a plaque about the Daniel 1 story or pictures of fires, statues or idols, kings and people. The children can sketch the word "courage" in large letters onto a piece of cardboard. They should glue pictures from one of the story themes onto the letters to spell out the word to make a collage plaque.

Fourth Figure

Have the kids draw pictures of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego in the fiery furnace on gray paper. They should draw a picture of Jesus to represent the fourth figure in the fire, sent by God to protect the other three. Have the children tear strips of red tissue paper and glue them onto the picture to look like fire. Instruct the kids to tear a long strip of red tissue paper and glue only the top edge at the top of Jesus' head to hide Jesus. They can tell the story using their pictures and reveal Jesus at the end of the story to reveal that the fourth figure in the fire was Jesus.

Tags: Meshach Abednego, Shadrach Meshach, Shadrach Meshach Abednego, Have children, fiery furnace

Prepare Vitamin C Serum At Home

Using Vitamin C serum on your face protects it and reduces signs of aging.

Applying Vitamin C to your skin reverses aging and protects your skin from sunlight and other damaging pollutants and harsh chemicals. Vitamin C also stimulates the collagen within your skin, helping it appear healthier and more youthful. Instead of buying a store brand of Vitamin C serum, you can make it at home with three basic ingredients.

Instructions

1. Dissolve the ascorbic acid in 1 tbsp. of water. Vitamin C and ascorbic acid are virtually the same thing; the vitamin is one of the forms the acid can take. Use powdery ascorbic acid to ensure the texture of the serum turns out correctly. Mix the ascorbic acid in the water until it dissolves completely.

2. Add 1 tsp. of glycerin to the serum and mix until completely blended.

3. Place the serum in a colored, sealable jar and store in a cool, dry space like your refrigerator. This ensures that the serum does not oxidize and become less effective.

Tags: ascorbic acid, your skin, Vitamin serum

Summer Opera Programs In Italy

A view of Florence, Italy

Enrolling at an opera summer program in Italy will not only improve your opera singing, but also can teach you Italian culture, the language and the country's rich artistic history. Get to know the cultural wonders of Rome or Florence, satisfy your stomach with mouth-watering Italian cuisine, dazzle your friends with your new knowledge of the Italian language and show off the range of your vocal prowess.

Scuola Italia

The Scuola Italia opera program runs for four weeks, from June to July, in the medieval town of Urbania, situated on the Adriatic coast. The program focuses on young, emerging opera singers, and includes Italian language lessons, vocal studies and performance lessons. Interested students must supply a current resume, photo, completed application, three recent recordings of you singing Italian songs (one an Italian opera aria), and an application fee. You may choose between staying with a host family or at single/shared apartments, and should expect to gain an intimate knowledge of Urbania and its surroundings on multiple excursions during your stay.

Scuola Italia, La Piccola Cooperativa

Via Roma 75/B-61049

Urbania (PS), Italy

39-0722-317982

scuola-italia.com

International Lyric Academy

Located in Rome and Viterbo, this school nurtures young opera singers in a month-long session that culminates with eight different performances. The school's offerings include full opera production and opera in concert training, as well as programs for ensembles, soloists, concerts, chorus, orchestra, pianists, conductors, high school and technical apprenticeship, and each has a different cost, runs through different dates, and includes different classes. In addition to the lessons, this program offers career strategies and exposure to top European venues, agents and audiences.

Claudio Ferri

Via Cavour 57-01100

Viterbo, Italy

39-340-0880077

internationallyricacademy.com

Bel Canto Institute

Bel Canto Institute, associated with the State University of New York at New Paltz, runs a summer opera program in Florence, Italy. Prospective students must audition for this program, and if accepted can expect to learn not only music, but also the historical and cultural elements of opera. Participants take Italian lessons, as well as voice and performance lessons, and take part in two concert performances by the end of the four-week program. Students not wishing to pay extra for accommodations can stay with host families.

Bel Canto Institute

210 W. 70 St., Suite #1107

New York, NY 10023

212-580-9382

belcantoinst.org

Tags: Canto Institute, Scuola Italia, Florence Italy, Italian language, opera program, opera singers

Cruises Out Of San Francisco

Cruises out of San Francisco depart for Canada, Alaska, Mexico and the Panama Canal.

San Francisco, California, is home to the Golden Gate Bridge, Alcatraz and a host of other activities. As a port city, it also gives visitors a transportation option for travel to domestic and foreign destinations. There are several cruises available that leave out of San Francisco. Ships either travel north to ports of call in Canada and Alaska, or south to Mexico and Central America.

Northwest Sampler

Princess Cruise Lines offers a four-night cruise on the Coral Princess that departs each May. The ship disembarks San Francisco at 4 p.m., heading north to Astoria, Oregon. Other ports of call include Victoria, British Columbia, and Vancouver, British Columbia. Interior rooms, ocean-view rooms, balcony rooms and suites are available. The ship features multiple dining venues, Bali-themed spa, swimming pool with retractable dome, two specialty restaurants, lap pool, nine-hole putting course and fitness center. Most meals are included in the overall price of the trip. Specialty drinks and alcoholic beverages are charged at current menu pricing.

Princess Cruises

Pier 35 on the Embarcardero

San Francisco, CA 94111

800-774-6237

princess.com/

Ultimate Alaska

Celebrity Cruises offers an 11-night cruise on the Celebrity Infinity that departs each May. The ship disembarks San Francisco at 5 p.m., heading north to Alaska. The first two days aboard are spent at sea. Ports of call include Ketchikan, Juneau, Skagway, Icy Strait and Sitka, Alaska; Victoria, British Columbia; and Vancouver, British Columbia. The ship also spends one day cruising Hubbard Glacier. Interior rooms, ocean-view rooms, balcony rooms and suites are available. The ship features award-winning dining options, spa, swimming pool, two specialty restaurants, casino, dance club and fitness center. On-board meals are included in the price, but specialty drinks and alcoholic beverages are an additional cost.

Celebrity Cruises

Pier 35 on the Embarcardero

San Francisco, CA 94111

800-647-2251

celebritycruises.com

Panama Canal Eastbound

Holland America offers a 16-night cruise on Holland America Line--Zuiderdam that departs each September. The ship disembarks San Francisco at 5 p.m., heading southeast toward Mexico. The first three days aboard are spent at sea. Ports of call include Puerta Vallarta, Mexico; Huatulco, Mexico; Puerto Quetzal, Guatemala; Puerto Corinto, Nicaragua; and Cartagena, Colombia. The ship travels through the Panama Canal and ends in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Interior rooms, ocean-view rooms, balcony rooms and suites are available. The ship features a two-tier main dining room, spa, swimming pool, specialty steak and seafood restaurant, casino, dance club and fitness center. On-board meals are provided at no additional cost, but alcoholic drinks are extra.

Holland America Line

Pier 35 on the Embarcardero

San Francisco, CA 94111

877-932-4259

hollandamerica.com

Tags: British Columbia, available ship, available ship features, balcony rooms, balcony rooms suites, call include, departs each

Culinary Ideas

Culinary schools have various programs to help your cooking career.

There are many different areas of study in culinary school programs; if you plan to attend one of these schools, you should try to narrow your selection by thinking about which culinary fields you are most interested in. Pursue a school that specializes in the area of cooking you wish to study, but don't completely shut out other possibilities; many cooking concepts are universal.

Culinary Arts

Culinary arts, or chef training, is a common culinary school major. This area of study covers a wide variety of cooking techniques and skills to prepare students for a career as a chef in a restaurant or catering business. Lessons train students in the various kitchen stations including grill, saut and fry cook, as well as a variety of essential kitchen skills including working with knives, cutlery and different kinds of professional kitchen equipment. Students are also trained in the various cooking methods that all chefs should be familiar with and learn properly present cuisine. Basic kitchen knowledge such as hygiene and proper storage of food are covered. Some of these programs offer more in-depth lessons about specific types of cuisine like French or Asian fusion, and some provide extensive hands-on training to teach kitchen management. While this area of study prepares students to become chefs, it is customary for graduates to start at the bottom of the restaurant chain and work their way up to higher positions like executive chef.

Baking and Pastry Arts

This area of study teaches basic culinary arts skills, but takes a more in-depth approach to specifically learning the art of baking and pastry-making. Students learn various baking techniques and make different kinds of breads and doughs. They also learn design and prepare various desserts including tarts, cakes, chocolates, candies and cookies and are taught execute their creations in events and competitions. Students have many options for careers since baked goods and confections are in demand in a variety of venues from cafes to hotels.

Professional Cooking

This is a less intense area of study that is designed for students who are uninterested in a long-term educational investment and who simply wish to pursue their passion for cooking. Students learn a variety of skills and techniques, but these are typically taught in a more condensed, expedited fashion than found in other areas of culinary study. This is a good option for someone who merely wishes to get involved in a professional kitchen; students should not expect to conquer the kitchen hierarchy.

Tags: area study, culinary school, different kinds, more in-depth, professional kitchen

Himalayan Salt Vs Sea Salt

Himalayan salt and sea salt have been prized for their superiority against common table salt. Although both are popular options, key differences exist between the two that should be considered.

Common salt shaker.

Nutritional Content

Himalayan salt has 84 minerals and trace elements. The mineral content is naturally composed in a highly absorbent form that the body easily uses. Sea salt boasts only eight minerals, including iodine, manganese and potassium.

Processing

Himalayan salt is not processed from sea water. It is mined at the Khewra Salt mines. No additives or bleach are used to refine it. Sea salt is made from sea water that has been evaporated in man-made pools. This processing accounts for the sea salt's lack of mineral content because of the high temperatures used.

Health Benefits

The use of Himalayan salt has a balancing affect on the body's electrolytes because of its rich mineral content. Having balanced electrolytes reduces fatigue and helps with endurance during exercise. Using sea salt is an improvement over standard table salt as it generally processed with fewer chemicals and additives.

Availability & Pricing

Himalayan salt is mined, which ultimately accounts for higher production costs that are passed on to the consumer. It is cheaper and easier to purchase on the Internet instead of a brick and mortar store. Sea salt is common and is an affordable option.

Fun Fact

Salt was a very rare commodity in the past. It had a similar status as gold and was used in trade.

Tags: Himalayan salt, mineral content, from water, table salt

Cook Premade Crab Cakes

Classic crab cakes are a mixture of crab meat and breading, shaped into a burger and cooked until the outside is golden brown. Making crab cakes from scratch can be a time-consuming process, but luckily some manufacturers produce finished crab cakes you can cook at home. Fry crab cakes to give them a crisp outer coating, or bake them in the oven for a healthier alternative. Both methods result in a satisfying finished product that goes well with a variety of side dishes. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

Fried Crab Cakes

1. Place the crab cake package in the refrigerator if your crab cakes are frozen. Thaw the crab cakes in the refrigerator for four hours.

2. Heat a nonstick frying pan on the stove over medium heat. Place the crab cakes in the pan with room all around them. Don't crowd the pan, but leave room so that you can flip them easily.

3. Cook the crab cakes for about eight minutes, or until the bottom is golden brown. Start peeking at the progress on the bottom after about six minutes. When the bottom of the crab cake is brown, flip the cake over with a wide spatula.

4. Fry the other side of the crab cake for the same length of time, until the other side is the same golden brown as the first. Stick the probe of a food thermometer into the crab cake to check the inner temperature. When the crab cake measures at least 165 F, it is done and ready to serve.

Baked Crab Cakes

5. Place the crab cake package in the refrigerator if your crab cakes are frozen. Thaw the crab cakes in the refrigerator for four hours.

6. Preheat the oven to 400 F. Place the crab cakes about 1 inch apart on a baking sheet. Brush the tops of the crab cakes with a small amount of melted butter.

7. Place the baking sheet in the middle of the oven. Bake the crab cakes for 20 to 25 minutes, until they begin to brown.

8. Turn the broiler in the oven to a medium setting. Move the crab cake pan up closer to the broiler. Broil the crab cakes for two to three minutes, until they are golden brown and crispy looking.

9. Check the internal temperature of the crab cakes before pulling them from the oven. If the temperature is 165 F or higher, the crab cakes are done.

Tags: crab cakes, crab cake, crab cakes, golden brown, Place crab, minutes until

Colleges In California With No Sat Requirement

Standardized test scores as admission requirements for colleges and universities have come under fire for being limited in determining the future success of prospective students. Although the Standard Aptitude Test (SAT) is still required by many institutions, some schools have de-emphasized the test and replaced it with other considerations. California, home to one of the largest public university systems in the country, has more than 90 colleges that don't require the SAT, or that make the test optional.

Art Institutes

The Art Institute of California, Los Angeles; the Art Institute of California, Orange County; the Art Institute of California, San Diego; the Art Institute of California, San Francisco; and the Art Institute of California, Laguna Beach do not have SAT requirements for admission. These institutes offer degrees in design, media arts, fashion and the culinary arts.

The Art Institute of California, Los Angeles, lists six requirements for applicants: a phone or in-person interview, completed application form, 150-word essay, high school transcript or GED scores, $50 application fee and a $100 enrollment fee. Although there are GPA minimums for certain programs, applicants are evaluated based on stated career goals, reasonable chance of success and the written essay.

Film Schools

Film schools without SAT requirements are Columbia College in Tarzana and the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia. Columbia College requires that all applicants have high school diplomas or GED certificates. In addition, each applicant must provide a 500-word personal essay and two character recommendations. Columbia College recommends the submission of SAT scores, but does not require them for admission.

California State Schools

There are 23 campuses under the California State University (CSU) system, and 14 of them only require the SAT if an applicant doesn't meet a minimum GPA or class rank. These schools are: CSU Bakersfield, CSU Chico, CSU Dominguez Hills, CSU East Bay, CSU Fresno, CSU Fullerton, CSU Long Beach, CSU Los Angeles, CSU Monterey Bay, CSU Northridge, CSU Sacramento, CSU Sacramento, CSU San Bernardino, CSU San Marcos and CSU Stanislaus.

CSU Los Angeles requires applicants to be high school graduates with grades of C or better in English, math, social science, lab science, a foreign language, visual and performing arts and an elective. Applicants who are residents of California and have 3.0 GPAs do not have to submit the SAT. Nonresident applicants need 3.61 GPAs to waive the SAT requirement.

ITT Technical Institutes

ITT Technical Institute, with more than 125 campuses in the United States, offers associate's and bachelor's degrees in programs such as information technology, electronics technology, business, drafting and design, and criminal justice. In California, the ITT Technical Institutes that don't require SAT scores are the campuses in Anaheim, Lathrop, Los Angeles, Oxnard, Rancho Cordova, San Bernardino, Sylmar, Torrance and West Covina.

ITT Technical Institute requires each applicant to have a high school diploma or GED, meet with a representative of the school and pass an admissions test in lieu of the SAT. An applicant who has earned 36 credit hours with a 2.0 GPA from an accredited educational institution can also bypass the SAT requirement.

Tags: Institute California, high school, Columbia College, California Angeles, California State, each applicant